(I mean those which a user selects during installation.)
I can't find anything useful in Sdl.Core.Globalization.LanguageRegistry.LanguageRegistryApi or SdlTradosStudio.Application.
I think I found something now: bool IsConfiguredLanguage(Language lang) could be used as a filter for Language.GetAllLanguages(). Unfortunately this nugget is hidden away in Sdl.TranslationStudio.Common.dll which we can't directly reference in a plugin.
So here comes the next question: Is this already exposed somewhere or would someone please care to expose it in an API?
public static IEnumerable<Language> GetWorkingLanguages()
{
//your code here, eg.
return Language.GetAllLanguages().Where(l => Sdl.TranslationStudio.Common.....IsConfiguredLanguage(l));
}